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The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a fundamental networking protocol designed to prevent loops within Ethernet networks. It ensures a loop-free topology by selectively blocking redundant paths and allowing a single active path between any two nodes. This guide covers the key components of STP—Root Bridge, Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs), Ports (Root, Designated, Blocked), and how they work together to maintain a stable and efficient network. We’ll explore how STP establishes a hierarchy among switches, identifies the best path, and dynamically adjusts to network changes, ensuring optimal performance and reliability.