How to Macronize Any Greek Text - Where do the long vowels go?

How do we figure out the long and short vowels in Ancient Greek texts? Which vowels are long and which are short? Understanding when Ancient Greek vowels are long and short is a mandatory part of learning the language, not only to be fluent readers, but just to appreciate the literature. Let's learn how to tell when α, ι, and υ are long (ᾱ ῑ ῡ) or short (ᾰ ῐ ῠ).

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Intro and outro music: Overture of Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute) by Mozart

00:00 Intro
00:59 Why "Koine" is pronounced differently in English from Modern Greek
01:56 Why learning vowel length is mandatory
04:02 Classical Attic Vowels
12:38 Good News, Bad News
14:32 Vowels regularly long
32:13 The main tools you'll need
39:53 Let's macronize some text! (Xenophon, Ephodion 2)
1:10:11 Conclusion