Joints and Its types: Synovial joint types

Welcome to my channel, In this video you will learn about joints, and types of joints.
A joint is defined as a connection between two bones in the skeletal system.

Joints can be classified by the type of the tissue present (fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial), or by the degree of movement permitted (synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis or diarthrosis).

Fibrous Joints:
A fibrous joint is where the bones are bound by a tough, fibrous tissue.
Fibrous joints can be further sub-classified into sutures, gomphoses and syndesmoses.

Cartilaginous:
In a cartilaginous joint, the bones are united by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage.
Example of Cartilagenous joints are vertebral disk, pubis symphysis and ribs and sternum joint.

Synovial:
A synovial joint is defined by the presence of a fluid-filled joint cavity contained within a fibrous capsule.

They are freely movable (diarthrosis) and are the most common type of joint found in the body.

Synovial joints can be sub-classified into several different types, depending on the shape of their articular surfaces and the movements permitted:

Hinge – permits movement in one plane – usually flexion and extension.
E.g. elbow joint, ankle joint, knee joint.
Saddle – named due to its resemblance to a saddle on a horse’s back. It is characterised by opposing articular surfaces with a reciprocal concave-convex shape.
E.g. carpometacarpal joints.
Plane – the articular surfaces are relatively flat, allowing the bones to glide over one another.
E.g. acromioclavicular joint, subtalar joint.
Pivot – allows for rotation only. It is formed by a central bony pivot, which is surrounded by a bony-ligamentous ring
E.g. proximal and distal radioulnar joints, atlantoaxial joint.
Condyloid – contains a convex surface which articulates with a concave elliptical cavity. They are also known as ellipsoid joints.
E.g. wrist joint, metacarpophalangeal joint, metatarsophalangeal joint.
Ball and Socket – where the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone. It permits free movement in numerous axes.
E.g. hip joint, shoulder joint.

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