Скачать или смотреть Redirecting Subdirectories with Apache's mod_rewrite

Learn how to configure Apache's `mod_rewrite` to serve a main site from a specific subdirectory while keeping others as subdirectories.
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Redirecting Subdirectories with Apache's mod_rewrite: A Step-by-Step Guide

Introduction

If you're managing a web server running Apache and need to configure subdirectories to serve as part of your website, you might run into some challenges. One common requirement is to have a certain subdirectory be served as the root while allowing others to function as subdirectories. This is a frequent task faced by web admins and developers wanting to optimize their site structure.

In this guide, we will cover how to achieve this setup using Apache 2.4’s mod_rewrite module. Specifically, we will help you set up a configuration that allows:

example.com/module1 to serve content from the module_1 directory,

example.com/module2 to serve content from the module_2 directory,

example.com/module3 to serve content from the module_3 directory,

and example.com/ to serve content from the html directory.

Problem Explanation

Imagine you have the following directory structure on your server:

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When users access your main site (i.e., example.com/), they should be served files from the html directory. However, accessing example.com/module1, example.com/module2, and example.com/module3 needs to pull files from the respective module directories.

Many attempts at this can lead to misguided configurations that either redirect everything to the html directory or cause misrouting, such as trying to locate module data within the html folder.

Solution Overview

To achieve the desired configuration, you can set up a virtual host in Apache 2.4 using the following steps:

Step 1: Enable mod_rewrite

First and foremost, ensure that the mod_rewrite module is enabled in your Apache configuration. If you haven't done so, you can enable it using the terminal:

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Step 2: Configure Your Virtual Host

Next, you need to modify your virtual host configuration file. This is usually located in /etc/apache2/sites-available/. Open the configuration file for your site, or create a new one if necessary.

Insert the following configuration:

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Step 3: Allow Overrides

If you want to use .htaccess in your directories for further customization, change AllowOverride None to AllowOverride All. This allows you to create a .htaccess file in any directory to control how Apache serves files. Don’t forget to restart Apache after making this change:

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Step 4: Testing Your Configuration

After updating your configuration, visit your site and test the URLs:

http://example.com/module1 should load content from the module_1 directory.

http://example.com/module2 should load from module_2.

http://example.com/module3 should load from module_3.

http://example.com/ should display the content from the html directory.

Conclusion

Configuring Apache to serve a specific directory as the root and others as subdirectories can be made straightforward using mod_rewrite. With the steps outlined above, you can achieve a clear and efficient structure for your website, ensuring users access the correct content based on the URL they enter.

Remember to test each configuration change thoroughly and troubleshoot any access issues that may arise. Happy configuring!