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Development of soil profile and factors of formation.Get to know the definition of soil.Let us know how the soil is formed.Let us know about the different layers of the soil. Know about the factors of soil formation.

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SOIL AS A RESOURCE
Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Earth's body of soil, called the pedosphere, has four important functions:

as a medium for plant growth
as a means of water storage, supply and purification
as a modifier of Earth's atmosphere
as a habitat for organisms

A soil profile is a vertical cross-section of the soil, made of layers running parallel to the surface. These layers are known as soil horizons. Also Read: Soil Teeming. The soil is arranged in layers or horizons during its formation. These layers or horizons are known as the soil profile.

The soil is arranged in layers or horizons during its formation. These layers or horizons are known as the soil profile. It is the vertical section of the soil that is exposed by a soil pit. The layers of soil can easily be identified by the soil colour and size of soil particles. The different layers of soil are:

Topsoil
Subsoil
Parent rock
Each layer of soil has distinct characteristics.

Soil profile helps in determining the role of the soil as well. It helps one to differentiate the given sample of soil from other soil samples based on factors like its colour, texture, structure, and thickness, as well as its chemical composition.
Scientists attribute soil formation to the following factors: Parent material, climate, biota (organisms), topography and time.

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