Stem Cells | Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells | Biology Grade 11 | 2024 Syllabus Fedral Board

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types in the body. They have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells.

Types of Stem Cells:

1. Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs): Derived from embryos, they have the ability to differentiate into any cell type.
2. Adult Stem Cells (ASCs): Found in adult tissues, they are limited to differentiating into specific cell types.
3. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs): Derived from adult cells, they are reprogrammed to have the ability to differentiate into any cell type.

Properties of Stem Cells:

1. Self-renewal: Ability to divide and maintain their population.
2. Multipotency: Ability to differentiate into multiple cell types.
3. Pluripotency: Ability to differentiate into any cell type.

Stem Cell Applications:

1. Regenerative Medicine: Repair or replace damaged tissues.
2. Drug Development and Toxicity Testing: Use stem cells to test drug efficacy and toxicity.
3. Basic Research: Study stem cell biology and development.

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