Скачать или смотреть Adding Simple Perspective to a 3D Renderer in pygame

Learn how to incorporate perspective in your `pygame` 3D renderer to enhance the visual experience and understand how to manage transformations effectively.
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This video is based on the question https://stackoverflow.com/q/66748703/ asked by the user 'Matthew Haywood' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/4901693/ ) and on the answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/66786629/ provided by the user 'Iñigo Moreno' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/7747799/ ) at 'Stack Overflow' website. Thanks to these great users and Stackexchange community for their contributions.

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Adding Simple Perspective to a 3D Renderer in pygame

Creating a 3D renderer in Python using pygame can be an exciting project. However, one common challenge developers face is the addition of perspective to their 3D graphics. Perspective affects how objects appear on screen, giving them a sense of depth and realism. In this post, we'll explore how to implement a simple perspective in your pygame 3D renderer.

Understanding the Problem

The main issue encountered is applying perspective correctly, so that the x and y coordinates are dependent on the z value. As z increases, the x and y coordinates should decrease, creating the illusion of distance. The original code attempted this, but when objects are rotated, they did not maintain their intended size, leading to a negative scaling effect.

Key Concepts of Perspective in 3D Rendering

Perspective Projection: Objects further away from the camera should appear smaller.

Transformations Order: The order in which you apply transformations (scaling, rotation, translation) is crucial in achieving the correct visual effect.

Solution Implementation

To achieve simple perspective in your 3D renderer, you can modify the transform_for_perspective function. Let's break down the proposed solution into sections:

1. Setting Up Perspective Transformation

First, we need to make sure that transformations are applied correctly without accumulating errors every frame. Instead of directly modifying the original nodes, create a separate array to hold the transformed nodes. Here’s how you can modify the Wireframe class to incorporate this:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

2. Updating the Display Function

After setting the nodes with perspective transformation, you need to reflect these changes in the display function of your ProjectionViewer class. Update the display method to draw based on the new perspective_nodes array:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

3. Ensuring Consistency Around the Center

When using transformations like rotation or translation, ensure that you are consistently considering the center of the screen. You may need to translate to the center, perform transformations, and then translate back to maintain a stable view.

Conclusion

By storing your transformed nodes in a separate variable and manipulating them without modifying the original nodes directly, you can achieve a correct and visually appealing perspective in your pygame 3D renderer. Remember, the order of transformations and centering around the screen are crucial to rendering objects correctly.

Good luck with your 3D rendering project in pygame, and may your graphics be both dynamic and true to life!