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in java, narrowing and widening refer to type conversions between primitive data types. understanding these concepts is crucial for effective programming, as they help prevent data loss and maintain data integrity.

widening conversion

widening conversion occurs when you convert a smaller primitive type to a larger primitive type. this conversion is safe because the larger type can accommodate all possible values of the smaller type without loss of information.

*examples of widening conversion:*

`byte` to `short`
`short` to `int`
`int` to `long`
`float` to `double`

*code example of widening conversion:*

```java
public class wideningexample {
public static void main(string[] args) {
byte bytevalue = 10;
short shortvalue = bytevalue; // byte to short (widening)
int intvalue = shortvalue; // short to int (widening)
long longvalue = intvalue; // int to long (widening)
float floatvalue = longvalue; // long to float (widening)
double doublevalue = floatvalue; // float to double (widening)

system.out.println("byte value: " + bytevalue);
system.out.println("short value: " + shortvalue);
system.out.println("int value: " + intvalue);
system.out.println("long value: " + longvalue);
system.out.println("float value: " + floatvalue);
system.out.println("double value: " + doublevalue);
}
}
```

narrowing conversion

narrowing conversion occurs when you convert a larger primitive type to a smaller primitive type. this conversion can lead to data loss if the value of the larger type exceeds the range of the smaller type. therefore, it requires an explicit cast in java.

*examples of narrowing conversion:*

`int` to `short`
`long` to `int`
`float` to `int`
`double` to `float`

*code example of narrowing conversion:*

```java
public class narrowingexample {
public static void main(string[] args) {
double doublevalue = 9.78;
...

#JavaNarrowing #JavaWidening #numpy
narrowing conversion
widening conversion
type casting
Java primitives
implicit casting
explicit casting
data type conversion
object casting
byte to int
double to float
type safety
loss of precision
runtime exceptions
wrapper classes
polymorphism