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What is Encapsulation in Java?
Encapsulation is one of the core concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java. It refers to the practice of bundling data (variables) and methods (functions) that operate on that data into a single unit—a class—and restricting direct access to some of the object’s components.

Think of it like putting your data inside a capsule (like a pill), where the internal workings are hidden from the outside world, and only controlled access is allowed.

🔒 Key Points:
Encapsulation is achieved using:

Private variables (to restrict access)

Public getters and setters (to provide controlled access)

💡 Why Use Encapsulation?
✅ Protects data from unauthorized access

✅ Makes code easier to maintain and modify

✅ Increases flexibility and control over the data

✅ Helps achieve modularity and abstraction