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certainly! docstrings in python are an important feature that allows you to document your code effectively. they provide a convenient way of associating documentation with python modules, classes, methods, and functions. here's a comprehensive tutorial on docstrings.

what is a docstring?

a docstring is a string literal that appears as the first statement in a module, function, class, or method definition. it's used to describe what the function/class/module does. docstrings are accessible via the `__doc__` attribute and can also be retrieved with the built-in `help()` function.

docstring syntax

docstrings are enclosed in triple quotes (either `"""` or `'''`). they can span multiple lines. the first line typically contains a brief summary of the function or module's purpose, followed by more detailed information if necessary.

pep 257 conventions

python's official style guide, pep 257, provides conventions for writing docstrings. here are some key points:

1. **summary line**: the first line should be a short summary of the function/module.
2. **blank line**: after the summary, include a blank line before any additional description.
3. **parameters and returns**: if applicable, list the parameters and return values.

example of docstrings

here’s an example demonstrating how to write docstrings for a function and a class.

```python
def add(a, b):
"""
add two numbers.

this function takes two numerical values as input and returns their sum.

parameters:
a (int or float): the first number.
b (int or float): the second number.

returns:
int or float: the sum of a and b.
"""
return a + b


class calculator:
"""
a simple calculator class.

this class provides methods to perform basic arithmetic operations like
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
"""

def subtract(self, a, b):
"""
subtract two numbers.

parameters:
a (int or float): the number from whi ...

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