Скачать или смотреть 13. Special Products from Amino Acids | Serotonin, Melatonin & Niacin | Medical Biochemistry | USMLE

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Special Products from Amino Acids | Serotonin, Melatonin & Niacin | Medical Biochemistry | USMLE Step 1 MBBS

👋 Hey future doctors and biochem enthusiasts! Did you know that the essential amino acid Tryptophan is not just a protein building block but also the precursor of powerful molecules that regulate mood, sleep, and metabolism? 🌙🧠 In this lecture, we’ll explore three high-yield derivatives: Serotonin, Melatonin, and Niacin.

These products of tryptophan metabolism are highly testable in MBBS, NEET PG, FMGE, and USMLE Step 1, especially because they link neurochemistry, endocrinology, and nutrition.

🌟 Key Derivatives of Tryptophan

1️⃣ Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) 🧠

Pathway: Tryptophan → 5-hydroxytryptophan (via tryptophan hydroxylase, BH4 cofactor) → Serotonin.

Functions: Neurotransmitter regulating mood, sleep, appetite, and GI motility.

Clinical notes 🩺:
• Carcinoid syndrome: ↑ serotonin production → flushing, diarrhea, right-sided heart disease.
• SSRIs (antidepressants): increase serotonin levels in synapses.

2️⃣ Melatonin 🌙

Pathway: Serotonin → Acetylation + Methylation (pineal gland) → Melatonin.

Functions: Regulates circadian rhythm, sleep-wake cycle, and seasonal reproduction.

Clinical notes 🩺:
• Used as therapy in insomnia and jet lag.
• Disturbances implicated in depression and sleep disorders.

3️⃣ Niacin (Vitamin B3) 🔥

Pathway: Tryptophan → Kynurenine pathway → Niacin (requires Vitamin B6).

Functions: Precursor of NAD⁺ and NADP⁺, essential cofactors for energy metabolism.

Clinical notes 🩺:
• Pellagra: Niacin deficiency → “3 Ds” (Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia).
• Seen in Hartnup disease (defective tryptophan transport) or carcinoid syndrome (tryptophan diversion to serotonin).

🎯 Exam Integration

Tryptophan → Serotonin → Melatonin, and via another pathway → Niacin.

High-yield links: Carcinoid syndrome, Pellagra, Hartnup disease, SSRIs, Melatonin therapy.

USMLE & NEET PG often test cofactors (BH4, B6) and disease associations.

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❓Got questions about amino acid derivatives or want us to cover dopamine, norepinephrine & epinephrine next? Drop your request in the comments below! 😊

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