The Largest Volcanic Eruption to Ever Occur; The VEI 9 Toba Eruption

The largest volcanic eruption known to science cataclysmically began 75,000 years ago. Every 6 seconds, it erupted more material than produced during the entire 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens. This eruption did not originate from the Yellow supervolcano but rather a separate supervolcano known as Toba. This video will discuss the largest explosive volcanic eruption currently known to science, which registered in on the volcanic explosivity index as a 9.

Thumbnail Photo Credit: Tytgat, G. C., Alaska Volcano Observatory / University of Alaska Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute, https://avo.alaska.edu/images/image.p.... Image was then overlayed with text & GeologyHub overlay material.

Note: Information on the magnitude of Toba's Youngest Toba Tuff eruption in this video's description was sourced from the LaMEVE database: British Geological Survey © UKRI, https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/c..., Used with Permission.

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Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231–1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read by    / geologyhub   on Oct 5th, 2022.

Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers

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Sources/Citations:
[1] Information on the magnitudes (VEI) and dates and tephra volume of Toba's various VEI 4 or larger explosive eruptions, in addition to the date of the Yellowstone volcano's Lava Creek Eruption and the details about Toba's VEI in this video's description was sourced from the LaMEVE database: British Geological Survey © UKRI, https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/c..., Used with Permission.
[2] Costa Antonio, Smith Victoria C., Macedonio Giovanni, Matthews Naomi E., The magnitude and impact of the Youngest Toba Tuff super-eruption, Frontiers in Earth Science, Volume 2, 2014, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/..., DOI: 10.3389/feart.2014.00016, ISSN: 2296-6463, CC BY 3.0.
[3] de Silva Shanaka L., Mucek Adonara E., Gregg Patricia M., Pratomo Indyo, Resurgent Toba—field, chronologic, and model constraints on time scales and mechanisms of resurgence at large calderas, Frontiers in Earth Science, Volume 3, 2015, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/..., DOI: 10.3389/feart.2015.00025, ISSN: 2296-6463, CC BY 4.0.
[4] Greg R. Vaughn, U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/map.... This diagram was traced onto Google Earth imagery to provide an outline of the caldera formed by the Lava Creek Eruption.
[5] U.S. Geological Survey
[6] Yellowstone Volcano Observatory

0:00 Yellowstone Supervolcano
0:45 Toba Supervolcano
1:36 Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)
2:45 VEI 9 Eruption Effects
4:09 Other Large Eruptions
4:29 Conclusion