Скачать или смотреть From Nile to Indus: How Aquifer Depletion Creates Existential Conflicts

I analyze emerging water conflicts across the Nile basin, Indus system, Mekong River, Gaza aquifer, and Colorado River—not as isolated disputes but as structural preview of what occurs when finite freshwater resources face infinite human demands. Unlike oil or minerals, water cannot be substituted, imported at scale, or synthesized, making conflicts over shared rivers and aquifers existential rather than negotiable. I trace why international law provides no enforcement mechanism, why upstream states possess unilateral control that downstream states cannot accept, and why military force offers no lasting solution when the fundamental problem is geological scarcity that no army can overcome.


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