Скачать или смотреть How to Block a Range of IP Addresses in Apache 2.4 While Allowing One Specific IP

Learn how to effectively manage IP address blocking in Apache 2.4 by allowing exceptions while blocking a whole range.
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Managing IP Blocking in Apache 2.4: A Guide to Allowing Specific Addresses

When managing a web server, you often need to control which IP addresses can access your resources. This can be particularly necessary if you want to block a range of IP addresses but allow exceptions for specific ones. In this guide, we'll take a closer look at how to effectively block a range of IP addresses in Apache 2.4 while allowing a single IP from that range.

The Challenge

In this scenario, you are trying to block the entire IP range of 171.0.0.0/8, but you need to allow access to the specific IP address 171.3.2.25/32. Initial attempts using simple configuration statements may not yield the desired results, as both commands don't work effectively together. Below is a common mistake when trying to configure this:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

As you've observed, the order of these statements can affect their output, but simply rearranging them won't solve the problem either.

The Solution: Using RequireAny and RequireAll Blocks

To achieve the goal of blocking a range while allowing one IP address, the solution lies in structuring your configuration into separate blocks. Here’s how you can do it:

Configuration Steps

Open the Configuration File:
You'll need to edit the ipblacklist.conf file or the relevant virtual host configuration in Apache.

Incorporate the Following Code:
Add the following directives to your configuration file. This structure allows you to create logical blocks for access allowances:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Breakdown of the Code

<RequireAny>: This directive allows either of the specified conditions within its blocks to authorize access.

<RequireAll> for 171.3.2.25/32: This block specifically allows the designated IP address.

<RequireAll> for other IPs: This block permits all other requests while explicitly blocking the entire range of 171.0.0.0/8.

How It Works

By using the RequireAny tag, Apache lets through any connection that meets the conditions specified in either block.

The first block grants access to your specific IP address.

The second block ensures access for all other IPs except those in the restricted range.

Conclusion

By implementing the above methodology in your Apache 2.4 configuration, you can effectively manage IP access by allowing specific addresses while blocking broader ranges. This setup not only enhances your server's security but also provides necessary flexibility to accommodate legitimate traffic.

If you run into issues or have questions about this configuration, feel free to reach out in the comments. Happy configuring!