French Revolution: Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu; Bastille Fort; Napoleon Bonaparte | History

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People of France were inspired by the writings of 3 philosophers – they attacked church and nobility – propagated liberty, equality and fraternity – right for right and justice
Rousseau – subjects have the right to overthrew the king who do not rule in accordance to general will
Middle class had economic clout but no political and social mobility – they rebelled against the ancient regime
Wars wages by French rulers drained resources of empire and impoverished common man who had to pay more taxes

In 1795 – National Assembly of France adopted declaration of Rights of Man which declared men are born free and equal – new constitution came in
France became republic with liberty, fraternity and equality as guiding principles – led to new democratic and social order in Europe
Introduced democratic ideas, ended supreme rule of kings
Nobles and churches lost property and land was redistributed to peasants
Slaves in French colonies were set free
It arose nation feeling, common people were prepared to die for sake of protecting rights and privileges they got due to revolution – inspired other European powers to overthrow oppressive government
liberty, fraternity and equality are also mentioned in Indian Constitution
Napoleon was born in Corscia family in Italy- strong, ambitious and romantic. Married Josephine, widow of noble and mother of 3 children
Napoleon overthrew Directorate in 1799 and formed Consulate in France with 3 consuls (1799-1801). He became 1st consul and later consul for life in 1802.
Defeated Australians in Italy, forced Russia to withdraw from France and defeated Britain in 1802.
Established small republics in Germany, Italy and Belgium
Later became emperor of France and Pope attended his Coronation ceremony in 1804
At military and political glory between 1808-1810

Chapters:
0:00 French Revolution
0:54 Time Period
1:13 Three State Division
1:48 Unique Structure
2:36 Louis XVI
2:48 Three Important Philosophers
5:15 Fall of Bastille
6:58 Declaration of Rights of Man
8:44 Napoleon Bonaparte’s Era
10:54 Battle of Waterloo
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