Скачать или смотреть Circassian Politics.Part 1. The Transitional Period of the 90s.

Despite Soviet propaganda, which adhered to the slogan "national in form, socialist in content" and worked to destroy historical memory and self-awareness, it is evident that there were always groups among the Circassians who did not accept this system. By the 1980s, these groups had become more organized and began actively working on the restoration of cultural heritage. After the announcement of Perestroika, they were finally able to legally engage in public activities.

By the late 1980s, the Soviet Union faced serious financial difficulties, leading to problems in governance and control over the republics, particularly in maintaining the vast security and law enforcement apparatus. Processes of decentralization and the disintegration of the state began.

Amidst the political crisis, society mobilized, and public institutions such as the Congress of the Adyghe People and the Congress of the Kabardian People were formed. These congresses became key participants in the political life of their regions, with decision-making on crucial issues effectively shifting into the hands of the local population.

Naturally, the extensive Circassian diaspora also took an interest in the events unfolding in their homeland. In May 1991, Circassians established a powerful tool for legal political activity—the MCA (International Circassian Association). This organization united not only all the divided Circassians within Russia but also Abkhazians and Abazins, as well as, most importantly, representatives of the multi-million-strong diaspora from around the world.

In December 1991, the dissolution of the country was formalized by the Belavezha Accords, which marked the official end of the Soviet Union and the creation of a new entity—the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).