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Summary: Learn how to set environment variables in Jenkins, including Jenkins Pipeline scripts and Jenkins Scripted Pipelines.
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Setting Environment Variables in Jenkins: A Comprehensive Guide

When working with Jenkins, the management of environment variables is essential for the proper functioning of your CI/CD pipelines. Environment variables help in setting up dynamic values that can be reused in different stages of your builds. This post will guide you through the process of setting environment variables in Jenkins, particularly focusing on Jenkins Pipeline scripts and Scripted Pipelines.

Setting Environment Variables in Jenkins

Jenkins provides multiple ways to set environment variables:

Global Environment Variables: These are defined at the global Jenkins level and are accessible by all jobs running on the Jenkins server.

Job-Specific Environment Variables: These are defined within a specific Jenkins job or pipeline and are accessible only during the job's execution.

Steps to Set Global Environment Variables

Navigate to Manage Jenkins in your Jenkins dashboard.

Click on Configure System.

Scroll down to the Global properties section.

Check the Environment Variables checkbox.

Add your environment variables in the form of name-value pairs.

How to Set Environment Variables in Jenkins Pipeline Script

Jenkins supports two types of pipelines: Declarative and Scripted. Here’s how you can set environment variables in each.

Declarative Pipeline

In a Declarative Pipeline, you can set environment variables using the environment directive. This directive is defined at the top level of the pipeline script. Here’s an example:

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In this example, MY_ENV_VAR is set to HelloWorld and is then accessed in the Build stage using env.MY_ENV_VAR.

How to Set Environment Variables in Jenkins Scripted Pipeline

In a Scripted Pipeline, environment variables can be set using the env global variable. Here's how you can define and use an environment variable:

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As shown in the example, env.MY_ENV_VAR is set to HelloWorld, and then it’s accessed in the Build stage.

Accessing Environment Variables

Environment variables can be accessed in both Declarative and Scripted Pipelines using the env global variable. For example, if you have an environment variable MY_ENV_VAR, you can access its value using ${env.MY_ENV_VAR}.

Conclusion

Setting environment variables in Jenkins is a fundamental task that can significantly affect the flexibility and maintainability of your Jenkins jobs and pipelines. Whether you are using a Declarative or Scripted Pipeline, knowing how to define and access environment variables is crucial. Utilize the examples provided to effectively manage your environment settings in Jenkins, enhancing the efficiency of your CI/CD workflows.