How Do Volcanoes Form?

Volcanoes are often shown as large mountains that spew hot lava. But how exactly do volcanoes form? Below Earth’s rigid, outer-crust (or lithosphere) is a ductile (more pliable) layer called the mantle. The mantle is 2,900 kilometers thick and makes up 84% of the Earth’s total volume! Sometimes magma from the upper mantle will rise up into cracks in the lithosphere. Over a long time, the magma may accumulate, forming a “magma chamber”.

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Written by:
Deana Schwarz, Ph.D.

Production:
Bernard Kradjian

Contributors:
Andrea Waldie, P.Geo., FGC
Greg Finn, Ph.D., P.Geo., FGC

Funded by:
APGO Education Foundation