Скачать или смотреть 局麻是怎样做的 张新花 徐州矿务集团总医院

局麻是怎样做的 张新花 徐州矿务集团总医院
局部麻醉是用局部麻醉药（局麻药）暂时阻断某些周围神经的冲动传导，使这些神经所支配的区域产生麻醉作用，简称“局麻”。1.表面麻醉将渗透作用强的局麻药施用于黏膜便面，使其透过黏膜而阻滞黏膜下的神经末梢，使黏膜产生麻醉现象。2.局部浸润麻醉将局麻药注射于手术区的组织内，阻滞神经末梢而达到的麻醉作用。方法是：沿手术切口线分层注射局麻药，取皮内注射针，针头斜面紧贴皮肤，进入皮内以后推注局麻药液，造成白色的桔皮样皮丘，然后经皮丘刺入，分层注药，若需浸润远方组织，穿刺针应由上次已浸润过的部位刺入，以减少穿刺疼痛。注射局麻药液时应加压，使其在组织内形成张力性浸润，与神经末梢广泛接触，以增强麻醉效果。3.区域阻滞在手术部位的四周和底部注射局麻药，阻滞通入手术区的神经纤维，适用于肿块切除术，如良性乳腺肿瘤、头皮手术等。4.神经阻滞在神经干、丛、节的周围注入局麻药，阻滞其传导，使所支配的区域，产生麻醉作用。5.静脉局部麻醉肢体近端上止血带，由远端静脉注入局麻药以阻滞止血带以下部位肢体的麻醉方法称静脉局部麻醉。

How is local anesthesia done
Local anesthesia is to temporarily block impulse conduction of some peripheral nerves with local anesthetics (local anesthetics), It makes the areas controlled by these nerves produce anesthetic effect, Referred to as "local anesthesia". 1. Topical anesthesia: local anesthetics with strong penetration are applied to the mucous membrane, To block the submucosal nerve endings through the mucosa, Make mucous membrane produce anaesthesia phenomenon. 2. Local infiltration anesthesia is used to inject local anesthetics into the tissues of the operation area, The anesthetic effect of blocking nerve endings. Methods: local anesthetics were injected along the incision line, Take the intradermal injection needle, The slant of the needle is close to the skin, After entering the skin, local anesthetic solution was injected, It creates a white orange peel, And then through the pimple, Layered injection, If you need to infiltrate distant tissue, The puncture needle should be inserted from the last infiltrated part, To reduce puncture pain. When injecting local anesthetic solution, it should be pressurized, It forms tension infiltration in the tissue, Extensive contact with nerve endings, To enhance the anesthetic effect. 3. Local anesthetics were injected around and at the bottom of the operation site, Block the nerve fibers passing into the operation area, It is suitable for mass resection, Such as benign breast tumor, scalp operation, etc. 4. Local anesthetics were injected around the nerve trunk, plexus and ganglion, Block its conduction, Make the area under control, Produce anesthetic effect. 5. The tourniquet on the proximal end of limb under intravenous local anesthesia, Intravenous local anesthesia is a method of injecting local anesthetics into the distal vein to block the limbs below the tourniquet.