QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS_ PART 02

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QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS: This analysis gives the percentage composition of elements present in an organic compound.Percentage compostion of Carbon and Hydrogen :A known mass of an organic compound is burnt in the presence of excess of oxygen and copper II oxide.Carbon and hydrogen in the compound are oxidised to carbon dioxide and water respectively. The mass of water produced is determined by passing the mixture through a weighed U-tube containing anhydrous calcium chloride. Carbon dioxide is absorbed in another U-tube containing concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide. These tubes are connected in series. The increase in masses of calcium chloride and potassium hydroxide gives the amounts ofwater and carbon dioxide from which the percentages of carbon and hydrogen are calculated.Let the mass of organic compound be m g, mass of water and carbon dioxide produced be m1 and m2 g respectively;Percentage of carbon=12 into m2 into 100 by 44 into m.Percentage of hydrogen = 2 into m1 into 100 by 18 into m
Nitrogen :There are two methods for estimation of nitrogen: 1 Dumas method and 2 Kjeldahl’s method.1 Dumas method: The nitrogen containing organic compound, when heated with copper oxide in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide, yields free nitrogen in addition to carbon dioxide and water.The mixture of gases so produced is collected over an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide which absorbs carbon dioxide. Nitrogen is collected in the upper part of the graduated tube.