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okay, here's a comprehensive guide to 50 common ios swift interview questions, along with detailed explanations, code examples, and reasoning behind the answers. this is tailored for a 2021 (and still mostly relevant for 2024) context, meaning it emphasizes modern swift features, common architecture patterns, and up-to-date best practices. i'll break this down into sections for better readability.

*important note:* interview questions and trends evolve. this list is a solid foundation, but you should also be prepared to discuss new apple frameworks (like swiftui, combine, etc.), recent swift language features, and any specific technologies mentioned in the job description.

*table of contents*

1. *swift fundamentals*
2. *object-oriented programming (oop) & design patterns*
3. *memory management*
4. *concurrency & multithreading*
5. *data structures & algorithms (related to ios)*
6. *uikit & user interface*
7. *networking*
8. *data persistence*
9. *architecture (mvc, mvvm, viper, etc.)*
10. *swiftui*
11. *combine*
12. *testing*
13. *general ios concepts*

*1. swift fundamentals*

1. *what is swift, and what are its key advantages over objective-c?*

*answer:* swift is a modern, multi-paradigm programming language developed by apple. it's designed to be safer, faster, and easier to use than objective-c.
*advantages:*
*safety:* swift has strong type safety, which helps prevent runtime errors (e.g., `nil` pointer dereferences). it uses optionals to handle values that might be missing.
*readability:* swift has a cleaner and more modern syntax, making code easier to read and write.
*speed:* swift is often faster than objective-c due to performance optimizations like static dispatch and value types.
*modern features:* swift incorporates modern language features like generics, closures, tuples, and protocol-oriented programming.
**memor ...

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