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Permutations and combinations are fundamental concepts in mathematics, particularly in the study of counting and probability. They deal with different ways of arranging or selecting items from a set. A permutation refers to an arrangement of objects in a specific order. The order of items matters in permutations. For example, arranging the letters A, B, and C in different orders gives the permutations ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, and CBA.A combination, on the other hand, refers to a selection of items where the order does not matter. It focuses only on which items are chosen, not the sequence in which they appear. For example, selecting two letters from A, B, and C gives the combinations AB, AC, and BC.