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How to identify a complex reaction and what they entail with demonstration using cupric chloride and ammonia.
Complexes are metal ions that are surrounded by ligands (something with a pair of electrons capable of forming an ion-ligand interaction, NH3, H2O, Cl-,Br-,I-,OH- and others).
Complexation reactions are identified by having any combination of the following:
1. Excess of a reagent
2. An insoluble chemical mysteriously dissolving
3. An otherwise non-sensical reaction
Examples would be copper (II) nitrate reacts with excess ammonia, silver chloride dissolves in excess hydrochloric acid and aluminum hydroxide dissolves in sodium hydroxide.
The number of ligands vary, but AP always accepts having twice as many ligands as the charge of the metal ion.