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Galaxy HUDF.YD3: the Most Distant Galaxy and Oldest Galaxy Yet Measured

A European team of astronomers using ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) has measured the distance to the most remote galaxy so far: UDFy-38135539 (also known as "HUDF.YD3"). HUDF is the acronym for "Hubble Ultra Deep Field." By carefully analysing the very faint glow of the galaxy they have found that they are seeing it when the Universe was only about 600 million years old (a redshift of 8.6). These are the first confirmed observations of a galaxy whose light is clearing the opaque hydrogen fog that filled the cosmos at this early time.

The infrared light that we now observe from the galaxy was emitted as ultraviolet radiation toward the end of an era when the universe was filled with atomic hydrogen, which absorbed at ultraviolet wavelengths. Because the galaxy's own light alone would not have been intense enough to ionize a large region and render it transparent, scientists suspect that a population of smaller, undetected galaxies, contributed to the reionization making UDFy-38135539 visible. [1]

UDFy-38135539 (HUDF.YD3) is thought to be the first galaxy observed in the reionization epoch.[2] Caltech astronomer Brant Robertson, commenting on the study, stated that the "galaxy happens to reside at a very special time in cosmic history when the properties of gas in the universe were changing rapidly, and therefore this galaxy and others like it may teach us a lot about the early history of the universe".[3] Michele Trenti, an astronomer who was not involved in the study but provided commentary published with the report, says that the discovery of the distant galaxy represents a "... fundamental leap forward in observational cosmology ..." [3]

From Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDFy-38135539‎
[1] David Derbyshire (20 October 2010). "Astronomers find most remote galaxy ever seen... 13 BILLION light years away". London: DailyMail.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-10-21.

[2] "Dim galaxy is most distant object yet found". New Scientist. Retrieved 2010-10-21.

[3] "Earliest galaxy helped clear Big Bang's fog". USAToday. 2010-10-20.