NEET PG-Adnexa & Its Diseases -Ophthalmology

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Eye Lids :@0:10
Muscles opening eye lid
LPS
Muller’s muscle
Frontalis Muscle
Muscles closing eye lid
Orbicularis Oculi
Ptosis :@0:57
Normal:
Upper eye lid covers 2mm of upper cornea
Lower eyelid at limbus
Drooping of upper eye lid below 2mm → PTOSIS
Ptosis- Types
Congenital - From birth to 1 year
Acquired - 4 types
Acquired Ptosis :@2:14
APONEUROTIC / INVOLUTION / SENILE PTOSIS:
Present in old people
Aponeurosis of LPS is damaged
NEUROGENIC PTOSIS:
3rd nerve palsy [3rd nerve supplies LPS]
Horner’s Syndrome
Acquired Ptosis :
MYOGENIC PTOSIS → Myasthenia gravis / Myotonic dystrophy
MECHANICAL PTOSIS → due to inflammation or tumors
Ptosis – Surgical Treatment :@3:51
1. LPS RESECTION [80% of ptosis is due to LPS involvement]
2. FANSELLA SERVAT SURGERY
• 10-15% of ptosis is due to Muller’s muscle involvement
• Horner’s syndrome is due Muller’s muscle involvement
Entropion :
Inward rolling off eye lids → ENTROPION
Inward rolling of eye lashes → TRICHIASIS
Entropion- Types :
1. Congenital @5:32
2. Cicatricial
3. Involutional – Most common
4. Spastic
Ectropion types [SIMP]@7:30
Cicatricial
Involutional – most common
Mechanical
Paralytic
Treatment :
Lateral Strip Procedure
Retractor Reinsertion