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In Python, scope refers to the region of a program where a particular variable is accessible and can be referenced. It determines the visibility and lifetime of variables and other identifiers within a program. Understanding scope is essential for writing code that behaves as expected and for avoiding conflicts between variable names.

Python has the following main types of scopes:

1. **Local Scope**: Variables defined within a function have local scope. They are only accessible within the function in which they are defined. Once the function exits, the variables are destroyed.

2. **Enclosing (Nonlocal) Scope**: Enclosing scope refers to the scope of outer functions in a nested function. Variables in the enclosing scope can be accessed (but not modified directly) by inner functions.

3. **Global Scope**: Variables defined at the top level of a module (outside of any function) have global scope. They can be accessed and modified anywhere within the module.

4. **Built-in Scope**: This scope includes names predefined in Python's built-in modules. These include built-in functions, constants, and exceptions. Built-in names are available globally and can be accessed from any part of the program without the need for import statements.

Here's a simple example demonstrating different scopes in Python:

```python
Global scope
global_var = 10

def outer_function():
Enclosing scope
enclosing_var = 20

def inner_function():
Local scope
local_var = 30
print("Inside inner_function:", global_var, enclosing_var, local_var)

inner_function()

Attempting to access local_var here would result in a NameError

outer_function()

Attempting to access enclosing_var or local_var here would result in a NameError
print("Outside any function:", global_var)
```

In this example:
`global_var` has global scope and can be accessed from both the `outer_function()` and the global level.
`enclosing_var` has enclosing scope and can be accessed from within the `inner_function()`.
`local_var` has local scope and can only be accessed within the `inner_function()`.

Understanding scope is crucial for writing maintainable and bug-free Python code. It helps in avoiding unintended variable name clashes and ensures that variables are accessible where they are needed.