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Causes of Gum Pain During Pregnancy

Gingivitis is one of the most common symptoms among pregnant women, and it can cause pain, redness, and swelling. However, it is not a cause for alarm or concern, as it can be controlled and even prevented by maintaining good oral hygiene and visiting the dentist regularly during pregnancy.

What is pregnancy gingivitis?

Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums. When you don’t clean your teeth properly, a sticky film of bacteria called plaque forms on them. Plaque buildup along the gum line leads to redness, swelling, and tenderness. The increase in hormones in a pregnant woman's body makes her more susceptible to gingivitis.

What causes gingivitis during pregnancy?

Pregnancy gingivitis occurs due to the rise in estrogen and progesterone levels—two essential hormones that help the fetus grow and develop. However, they also cause several changes in the body.

One of these changes is an increased risk of gum inflammation. Although the exact mechanism is not fully understood, doctors believe it may be due to:

Decreased ability of the body to respond to plaque bacteria.

Increased blood flow to gum tissues.

What are the symptoms of gingivitis during pregnancy?

The main symptoms involve changes in the gums, such as:

Bleeding when brushing or flossing.

Redness.

Shiny gum surfaces.

Swelling.

Tenderness.

A pregnant woman may also notice persistent bad breath, even after brushing. Symptoms may worsen during the second trimester and continue throughout pregnancy.

How is gingivitis treated during pregnancy?

The main treatment to reduce gum inflammation is dental cleaning to remove plaque buildup, along with the following remedies:

Brushing your teeth twice a day.

Flossing once a day.

Rinsing daily with warm salt water (1 teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water).

If your symptoms are severe or worsening, your dentist may prescribe:

Oral antibiotics.

Prescription mouthwash.

How can pregnancy gingivitis be prevented?

Maintain oral hygiene by brushing twice a day and flossing once a day.

Schedule a dental checkup during pregnancy.

Eat a healthy diet.

Reduce the intake of sugary foods and drinks.

Brush your teeth after eating sticky and sugary foods that cling to your teeth, such as raisins, dried fruits, gummy fruit snacks, or chewy candy.


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