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Role of prostaglandins PGs:
1. Inflammation & Pain, tissue repair
Pro-inflammatory PGs (PGE₂, PGI₂) promote vasodilation, increase vascular permeability, and sensitize pain receptors (contributing to swelling, redness, and pain).
PGs also aid in tissue repair and wound healing.

2. Fever (Pyrexia)
PGE₂ acts on the hypothalamus to raise body temperature in response to infections (pyrogens).

3. Gastrointestinal (GI) Protection
PGE₂ and PGI₂ stimulate mucus and bicarbonate secretion in the stomach, protecting the mucosa from acid.

4. Blood Clotting & Vascular Effects
Prostacyclin (PGI₂) inhibits platelet aggregation and causes vasodilation (anti-clotting).

5. Kidney Function
PGE₂ and PGI₂ regulate renal blood flow and sodium/water excretion.

6. Reproduction
Menstruation: PGs contribute to uterine cramping.
Fertility: PGE₂ aids in ovulation and cervical mucus changes.

7. Bronchoconstriction vs. Bronchodilation
PGF₂α causes bronchoconstriction (worsens asthma).
PGE₂ promotes bronchodilation.

8. Sleep
PGE₂ and PGD₂ interact with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), influencing circadian timing.
Nighttime PGD₂ levels are higher, aligning with natural sleep cycles.