What Caused Italian Unification?

What caused the states of Italy to unite? For centuries, the Italian peninsula was divided into dozens of rival localities, but in the mid-19th century, as radical new ideas ran wild all across Europe, Italy came together under the leadership of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia and the House of Savoy. But that wasn't the only way that things could've gone, and modern Italy may have turned out quite differently had an assortment of characters—from the republicans Mazzini and Garibaldi, to the Austrian Emperor, or to the Pope himself—had their way. Suffice to say, those who were trying to bring about Italian Unification had to face more than their fair share of opponents, and setbacks.


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