Name : Cornelia Metta Margono
Class : 63.1C.07
NIM : 63250135
Subject : Basic English
Topic : Project 1&2 (UTS)
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Project 1 - Smoking in the Campus Area
Today, I would like to address an issue that affects not only our personal health but also the well-being of our entire academic community—smoking in the campus area. While smoking may be considered a personal choice, we must remember that our campus is a shared environment. One of the main concerns is the impact of secondhand smoke. Non-smokers who are exposed to cigarette smoke can suffer from respiratory problems, allergies, and other health risks—even if they don’t smoke themselves. Moreover, smoking in public areas can create an uncomfortable atmosphere. Imagine trying to study or relax in a space filled with smoke—it’s distracting and unpleasant. It also sends the wrong message to younger students and visitors about the values we uphold as an educational institution. Another important factor is environmental cleanliness. Cigarette butts are one of the most common forms of litter on campus. They pollute our surroundings, harm wildlife, and increase maintenance costs. By promoting a smoke-free campus, we are not only protecting our health but also creating a cleaner, more respectful, and more focused learning environment for everyone.
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Project 2 - Simple Present Tense
The Simple Present Tense: Everyday Actions and Facts
The simple present tense is used to describe actions that happen regularly, general truths, and facts about the world. It is called “simple” because it only uses the base form of the verb without complicated auxiliary structures. This tense appears frequently in daily conversations, writing, and storytelling. It serves as the foundation for mastering English fluency—once you understand it, everything else becomes easier.
The Formula and Sentence Structure
in the simple present tense, affirmative sentences follow the pattern Subject + Verb (base form or +s/-es). For example, “She walks every morning.” When the subject is he, she, it, or a singular noun, we add -s or -es to the verb, as in “He drinks coffee.” For all other subjects such as I, you, we, and they, we use the base form, e.g., “I walk” or “They run.”
When to Use the Simple Present
The simple present tense is used in several contexts. It expresses habits and routines, such as “She exercises three times a week” or “He drinks tea every morning.” It also describes general truths and facts, like “Water boils at 100°C” and “Paris is the capital of France.” The tense can indicate scheduled events, as in “The train leaves at 3 PM,” and permanent situations, like “He lives in Madrid” or “They work in finance.”
Questions and Negatives
To form questions, we place do or does at the beginning of the sentence. Use does for third person singular subjects and do for all others. For example, “Do you like pizza?” and “Does she work here?” To make a sentence negative, we add don’t or doesn’t before the main verb. Use doesn’t for third person singular, and remember that the verb remains in its base form: “They don’t like coffee” and “She doesn’t smoke.”
Time Expressions in Simple Presentn
Certain adverbs and time expressions often appear with this tense, signaling habitual actions. Frequency adverbs include always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, and never. Time expressions such as every day, every week, once a month, or three times a year also indicate routine. We can also use general time references like in the morning, at night, or on weekends.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Learners often forget to add -s or -es for third person subjects (e.g., “He go” instead of “He goes”), or they add -s to all subjects incorrectly (“I walks” instead of “I walk”). Another common mistake is using the wrong negative form (“He don’t like pizza” should be “He doesn’t like pizza”) or adding -s in questions (“Does she goes?” should be “Does she go?”).
Practice and Application
To practice, learners can form sentences such as “She studies English every day” or “They don’t go to the gym on weekends.” Questions can be made like “Does he play tennis?” and factual sentences such as “Water boils at 100°C.” Continuous practice helps reinforce understanding.
Verb List and Irregular Verbs
Common verbs used in the simple present include work, study, play, eat, drink, go, live, like, love, need, want, speak, read, write, walk, run, and sleep. Examples include “I read books” and “She writes emails.” Irregular verbs generally follow the same rules; for example, “He has a car” and “They go to school.”
Comparison with Present Continuous
The simple present expresses routines and facts (“She walks to school”), while the present continuous describes actions happening right now (“She is walking to school”).
Thankyou 🙏🏻
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