Скачать или смотреть Mughal Coin Galleries | Coins Of India | Coins Of Indian History | Rare Coins Of India | Our Nepal

Mughal Coin Galleries | Coins Of India | Coins Of Indian History | Rare Coins Of India | Our Nepal

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Mughal Coin Galleries
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Early Mughals: Babur, Humayun and Akbar : The Mughals hardly require any introduction, as this is perhaps the most famous dynasty in Indian history. The dynasty was founded by Babur, a descendant of both Timur (Tamerlaine) and Genghis Khan, who was a minor prince in Afghanistan and who nevertheless was dispossessed of his kingdom. Looking for a place to make his mark, he ended up invading India and defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, in 1526. He ruled until 1530. His son, Humayun, ascended the throne, but was forced to flee in 1540 by Sher Shah Suri, a general of Babur's army who had been appointed governor of Bihar and staged a rebellion against the emperor. Humayun fled to Persia and sought asylum with the Safavid emperor, Shah Tahmasp. Eventually, in 1555, with Tahmasp's help, Humayun was able to regain his empire in India, but he died soon after.

Humayun was succeeded by his son Akbar, who was only 13 years old when he became emperor. Despite his tender age, Akbar proved to be an able ruler. He expnded the empire and created an atmosphere of tolerance in his realm.

Jahangir : Jahangir was the son of Akbar by his Rajput queen, Princess Jodhabai of Amber. Among the Mughal emperors, he was perhaps the greatest patron of the fine arts, in which he took a great personal interest. Mughal miniature painting perhaps achieved its greatest height under his patronage. We see a similar flowering in numismatic art also, as Jahangir introduced several portrait type coins, along with his celebrated Zodiac series.

Shah Jahan : While his father may have been the greatest Mughal patron of the fine arts, Shah Jahan was the greatest builder. Apart from the famed Taj Mahal, Shah Jahan built the Red Forts of both Agra and Delhi, the city of Shahjahanabad, now the old city of Delhi, and numerous other monuments throughout the empire.

Aurangzeb : Aurangzeb was the sixth Mughal emperor, and the last of the so-called "Great Mughals." He took advantage of his father Shah Jahan's illness to depose him and seize power. Although Aurangzeb expanded the empire to its greatest extent, his reign was marred by worsening social relations largely because of his intolerant policies, and his death was followed by a steady decline of Mughal power, at the hands of the Marathas, the Sikhs and the newly arrived European powers. Eventually, much of the Mughal empire came under the control of the British, who to a large extent retained the administrative structure of the Mughals in effectively maintaining control over the Raj.

One of Aurangzeb's first policies was to eliminate the use of the kalima on the coinage, as he felt the sacred words would be defiled on coins as they were handled by infidels. His coins therefore only list his name and titles, along with the dates and the mint names.

Later Mughals : After the death of Aurangzeb, there was a fierce battle for succession, and the steady downward spiral of the empire's fortunes began. The intercenine warfare weakened the center, allowing empires such as the Sikh and Maratha empires to grow on the periphery. Mughal governors such as the Nawab of Awadh and the Nizam of Hyderabad, saw their chance to assert their independence as well. Afghans seized on the situation to raid and loot Delhi. Finally, the European colonial powers also saw an opportunity to expand their influence. The Portuguese had arrived as traders even before the Mughals, and the British East India Company had been created near the end of Akbar's reign. Now, as the Mughal empire started to fragment, the European powers began flexing their muscle, leading to the colonization of most of the country.

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