Atelectasis : Etiology, Clinical Features, Pathology, pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Atelectasis: Etiology, Clinical Features, Pathology, pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Atelectasis is a loss of lung volume that may be caused by a variety of ventilation disorders, for instance, bronchial injury or an obstructive mass such as a tumor. It may be categorized as obstructive, nonobstructive, postoperative, or rounded. Clinical features depend on the severity and extent of atelectasis, ranging from no symptoms to respiratory distress. Physical examination reveals a dull note on percussion and diminished breathing sounds over the affected area. On x-ray, the atelectatic section of the lung appears condensed and, due to decreased lung volume, may extend to the surrounding tissue. This effect can lead to an elevated diaphragm and mediastinal shift to the affected side. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Complications of atelectasis include pneumonia or, depending on the extent of disease, respiratory failure.

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