Скачать или смотреть The Fascinating History of the Electrocardiogram

The journey of the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a fascinating exploration of scientific discovery and innovation that spans several centuries. Let's embark on a brief educational journey to understand the key milestones in the development of this vital medical tool.
In 1775, Dr. Peter Christian Abildgaard conducted groundbreaking experiments, using electric shocks on hens, laying the foundation for the early understanding of the effects of electricity on living organisms. Fast forward to 1786, where Luigi Galvani's experiments with frog legs exposed to electrical conductors led to the conceptualization of "animal electricity."
The year 1873 witnessed significant advancements with Gabriel Lippmann's invention of the capillary electrometer, a device that measured potential difference based on the displacement of mercury in dilute sulfuric acid. Simultaneously, Luigi Luciani identified cardiac group beating and atrioventricular blocks, expanding our understanding of heart function.
The journey continued in 1887 when Augustus Waller recorded the first ECG from the intact human heart, utilizing a mercury capillary electrometer. Despite the limitations of this early device, it marked a crucial step towards real-time monitoring of heartbeats.
In 1895, Willem Einthoven, a visionary physiology professor, commenced his exploration of the ECG using the capillary electrometer. Overcoming challenges of distortion through mathematical enhancements, Einthoven achieved a clear ECG representation, setting the stage for the modern era.
Einthoven's contributions extended further with the introduction of the string galvanometer, enhancing waveform precision. The utilization of letters P, Q, R, S, and T in ECG notation, initiated by Einthoven, has endured as a standard in the field.
In the early 1900s, Einthoven's pioneering work with the string galvanometer paved the way for a more comprehensive understanding of normal and abnormal ECG patterns. The groundbreaking introduction of the U wave expanded diagnostic capabilities.
The educational journey concludes with Einthoven being awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1924, recognizing his monumental contributions to the development of the electrocardiogram. Today, the ECG stands as an indispensable tool in clinical practice, a testament to the dedication and innovation of those who paved the way for its evolution.
REFERENCES:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12766....
https://litfl.com/history-of-the-elec...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro...