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What is qubit? Quantum Computing Qubit.
We have started with a series of lectures on quantum computing topic.
So welcome to the second video in Quantum Computing series of lectures and tutorials.
Today's topic will be about the qubit.
So without further ado, let's start right away.

For the beginning, here is one fun fact:
Did you know if quantum computer operates on 50 qubits, it can make use of 2 to the power of 50 states at once!
That is really really large number.

So, qubit represents the basic unit of information and it is the fundamental building block of quantum computers.
It consists of two levels, labeled 0 and 1, described by the Dirac Bra-Ket Notation.
In order to fully describe a qubit, we need two complex numbers. That is because qubit is represented by a two dimensional
vector space over the complex numbers C^2.
Classical computers are performing calculations by manipulating bits. Classical bits can only be at one state at the time,
0 or 1.

In comparison to quantum computers, that scenario represents the biggest limitation and obstacle for solving the
most complex problems considering time and computational power, since Alan Turing set up foundations of computer science
as we know it today, back in 1930s, with his prototype of computational machine called, the Turing machine.
Quantum computers do not have that kind of limitation because they operate on qubits (quantum bits).
The reason why qubits are much more powerful than classical bits lays in fact they can exist in two states at the same time
(both 0 and 1, and all points between them.)

Arbitrary quantum state means that qubits can be in superposition (which is one of the
fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics).

Microscopic particles like photons, electrons, atoms and ions that are representing qubits in a quantum computer are controlled
by the control devices such as ion traps and quantum dots.

We can understand the qubit by looking at Bloch sphere, which is a representation of a qubit.
Bloch sphere is named after the physicist Felix Bloch and it represents a geometrical 3D space of a qubit.
We will go more in details in the future lecture dedicated to Bloch sphere only.

Thank you for watching! Hope you have better understanding of qubits now.

That would be all for now. See you soon with the next lecture.
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