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Software-Defined Networking (SDN) in fog computing (SDFN) provides a flexible, centralized, and programmable approach to managing the highly distributed and dynamic nature of fog environments. By decoupling the network's control plane from the data plane, SDN addresses key challenges in traditional fog networks, such as complex resource management, high latency, and security issues. 

Core Concepts

Decoupling of Planes: In a traditional network, each device (router, switch) handles both forwarding data packets (data plane) and making routing decisions (control plane). SDN separates these functions, centralizing the control logic in an SDN controller.

Centralized Control: The SDN controller acts as the "brain" of the network, maintaining a global view of the entire network topology and traffic. This allows for consistent and holistic management, regardless of the underlying hardware.

Programmability: Network administrators can programmatically manage and configure network devices through open APIs, rather than configuring each device individually.

Fog Computing Role: Fog computing extends the cloud to the network edge, closer to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices that generate massive amounts of data. This proximity allows for data processing and analysis to occur locally, reducing latency and bandwidth requirements for delay-sensitive applications.