Скачать или смотреть SPALL LINER SIMULATION | How Effective are Spall Liners? | Armour Penetration Simulation

The simulation presents the spall cone generated by a 75mm Armour Piercing projectile impacting the side armour of an M4A3 Sherman fitted with a 25mm thick Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMPWE) spall liner.

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The M4 Sherman never received a spall liner, but this video serves as a direct comparison to a previous video of the M4 without a spall liner:    • WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A TANK IS PENETRATED | S...  

The spall liner significantly reduces the spall cone size and successfully captures all larger pieces of spall. Compared to previously, where all crew members received a large amount of spall, the spall liner results in only 3/5 crew being hit, with the amount of spall received being much lower.

Everything, including the mesh size, has been kept identical, apart from the addition of the liner. The eroded elements are converted into particles, with each steel particle weighing roughly the same as a #7 birdshot pellet. Ones highlighted in red are at a velocity of 300m/s or more, indicating that they are hightly likely to cause injury. The witness plates for the crew are modelled as 2mm thick aluminium.

To make the model efficient, the projectile and tank have been made rigid (apart from the area of impact). Under the impact circumstances (0° impact against medium hardness RHA from a relatively low velocity cannon) the projectile is likely to remain intact and mostly undeformed, so the rigid body assumption is unlikely to affect the simulation results very much.

It should be noted that the element size at the far-side exit point is coarser than the initial impact point, hence the smaller number of higher-mass particles generated. In reality, there would be a distribution of spalling mass, however the simulation will always give particles identical mass as they are based on the element size.