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Kiev, the capital of modern Ukraine, is one of the oldest cities in Europe, having a long and colorful history dating back to the middle ages and beyond. According to medieval legend, it was dubbed “The mother of Rus’ cities”; it is often regarded as the oldest city in east Slavdom, and some claim its origins stretch back to the mammoth-hunting camps some 22,000 years before the birth of Christ.

Sources:
De Administrando Imperio - Constantine Porphyrogenitus
Earliest Mediaeval Churches of Kiev - Samuel H. Cross
Late Roman influence on the Middle Dnieper - Erofaloff B. Nenasheva E.
Medieval Kiev from the Perspective of an Archaeological Study of the Podil District - Mykhailo Sahaydak
Nestorskrönikan(Primary Chronicle in Swedish) - Transl. By A. Norrback
On the Mention of the Dnieper Varangians - Il'ya M. Tarasov
Population genomics of the Viking world - Margaryan et. al
The Archaeology of Kiev to the end of the earliest urban phrase - Johan Callmer
The Early Slavs - Pavel M. Dolukhanov
The Emergence of the Podil - Volodymyr I. Mezentsev, transl. Leonid Heretz
The Emergence of Rus: 750-1200 - Simon Franklin
The Histories - Herodotus(A.D. Godley, Ed.)
The Khazar Origin of Ancient Kiev - J. Brutzkus
The Myth of the Judeo-Khazar Founding of Kiev - Peter P. Tolochko
The Origins of the Slavic Nations - Serhii Plokhy
The role of Jews in Early Russian civilization - Leonid S. Chekin
Viking Rus: Studies on the Presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe - Wladyslaw Duczko

Image/video credits:
Footage of Kiev/Ukraine -    / @freehdvideosnocopyright  
Chernozem: Axel Hindemith

Timestamps:
0:00 Geographic situation
5:54 Bronze Age Kiev
7:52 Scythians, Greeks & Romans
13:13 The Polianians
19:35 Khazars and Jews
22:41 Arrival of the Rus’
29:06 Birth of a city
35:15 The upper city
41:35 Vladimir’s expansion
46:40 Decline

#history #ukraine #vikings