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The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 was a pivotal event in African history, marking the beginning of the Scramble for Africa, a period of intense European colonization of the continent. The conference, held in Berlin, Germany, brought together 14 European powers, as well as the United States, to discuss and establish rules for colonization in Africa.

Background
The rapid industrialization and development of European nations in the late 19th century led to a growing desire for resources and markets. Africa, with its vast natural wealth and untapped potential, became a prime target for European expansion.

Key Decisions:
The Berlin Conference had far-reaching consequences for Africa. The conference established three main principles for colonizing Africa:

Effective occupation: A European power could claim a territory in Africa only if it had effectively occupied it, meaning it had established a government, built infrastructure, and had a significant presence in the region.

Free trade: All European powers were granted equal access to trade with African territories.

Suppression of the slave trade: The conference officially outlawed the slave trade in Africa, although this prohibition was often ignored in practice.

Impact on Africa
The Berlin Conference had a devastating impact on Africa. The scramble for resources and territory led to the displacement of indigenous populations, the exploitation of natural resources, and the imposition of colonial rule. African countries were subjected to European economic exploitation and political oppression for over a century.

Legacy
The Berlin Conference remains a controversial event in history. It is often seen as a symbol of European imperialism and the subjugation of African people. However, it is also important to recognize that the conference was a product of its time and represented the prevailing world-view of European powers.