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The following are the general process methods for building red brick walls with cement mortar in rural Chinese courtyard :

Preparation Work

Material Preparation :
Select red bricks of good quality and in line with the required size specifications. The red bricks should have neat corners and no cracks or other problems. Prepare cement mortar, with the ratio of cement to sand usually being around 1:3 - 1:5, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation. At the same time, prepare an appropriate amount of water !

Tool Preparation :
Tools such as trowels, straightedges, plumb bobs, and levels will be needed !

Foundation Treatment

First of all, ensure that the foundation on which the brick wall is to be built is solid and level. If building on the ground, the ground needs to be compacted first, and then a concrete foundation should be poured, with a thickness of generally 10 - 15 Centimeters !

Wall Line Setting

According to the design drawings, snap the center line and side lines of the wall on the foundation or the ground to provide an accurate position basis for the brick wall construction !

Bricklaying Operation

Corner Building :
When starting to build the wall, first build the corners of the wall. The bricks at the corners should be checked layer by layer for verticality and flatness with a level and a straightedge to ensure that the corners are vertical. Generally, the height of each corner building is not more than five layers of bricks !

String Hanging :
After the corners are built, hang strings on the corners as the basis for building the middle part of the wall, so that the wall remains on the same straight line. The strings should be tightened to ensure the flatness of the wall !

Bricklaying Method :
Adopt the "one stretcher and one header" or "three stretchers and one header" bricklaying methods. When laying bricks, place the bricks flat on the mortar, tap the brick surface with a trowel to make the bricks closely combined with the mortar, and at the same time squeeze out the excess mortar. The thickness of the mortar joints between the bricks is generally controlled between 8 and 12 millimeters, keeping the mortar joints uniform !

Wall Reinforcement

For relatively high or long walls, construction columns and ring beams need to be set up for reinforcement. The construction columns are generally set at the corners, intersections and other parts of the wall, and the ring beams are set at the top, middle and other positions of the wall !

Joint Pointing Treatment

After the wall is built, the mortar joints can be pointed with cement mortar. There are various forms of joint pointing such as flush joints, recessed joints and raised joints. When pointing the joints, fill and compact the mortar joints to make their surfaces smooth !

Later Maintenance

The built wall needs to be properly maintained. Generally, within 1 - 2 days after the completion of the bricklaying, water the wall appropriately to keep the surface of the wall moist, avoid problems such as cracks caused by the mortar drying too quickly, and the maintenance time should be not less than 7 days !