The Russian Election of 1912 (4th State Duma)

In this series I will be outlining every election in Russian/Soviet history. The fourth election in Russian history took place in September to October 1912, after the Duma's first ever completed full term.

Timestamps
00:00 - Introduction/Historical Background
1:14 - Social Democrats update
2:15 - Naval General Staff Crisis
3:19 - Western Zemstvos Bill
04:49 - Results

Inspired by the following series:
Mr. Beat (American Elections):    • Presidential Elections in American Hi...  
Sam Aronow (Israeli Elections):    • Israeli Elections, 1920-2021  

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Bibliography
Andreev, Artem A. “Organization of elections among the native and foreign population
in the first State Duma.” Nauchnyi Dialog (2020): 298–316.
Conroy, Mary Schaeffer. Emerging Democracy in Late Imperial Russia. Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1998.
Daly, Jonathan W. “Government, Press, and Subversion in Russia, 1906–1917.” The Journal of the Historical Society 9, no. 1 (2009): 23–65.
Egorov, Andrei N. “The Authorities and Society in the Elections to the Fourth State Duma (Based on the Materials of Vologda Governorate).” Historia Provinciae – the Journal of Regional History 7, no. 3 (2023): 911–64.
Figes, Orlando. A People’s Tragedy: The Russian Revolution. London: Bodley Head, 2017.
Gayda, F. A. The 1912 Duma Elections: The State, the Opposition and the Clergy. Orthodoxia (2021): 111–124.
Great Russian Encyclopedia. “The State Duma.” https://old.bigenc.ru/domestic_histor...
Hamm, Michael F. “The Progressive Bloc of Russia’s Fourth State Duma.” PhD diss., Indiana University, 1971.
Hosking, Geoffrey A. The Russian Constitutional Experiment. London: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
Levin, Alfred. “The Fifth Social-Democratic Congress and the Duma.” The Journal of Modern History 11, no. 4 (1939): 484–508.
Levin, Alfred. The Second Duma: A Study of the Social-Democratic Party and the Russian Constitutional Experiment. Hamden: Archon Books, 1966.
Levin, Alfred. The Third Duma: Election and Profile. Hamden: Archon Books, 1973.
McKean, Robert B. “The Constitutional Monarchy in Russia, 1906–17.” In Regime and Society in Twentieth-Century Russia, edited by Ian D. Thatcher, 44–67. London: Macmillan Press, 1999.
Mehlinger, Howard D. and John M. Thompson. Count Witte and the Tsarist Government in the 1905 Revolution. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972.
Milyukov, Pavel. Political Memoirs: 1905–1917. Translated by Carl Goldberg. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1967.
Nimtz, August H. Lenin’s Electoral Strategy from 1907 to the October Revolution of 1917: The Ballot, the Streets—or Both. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
Perrie, Maureen. The Agrarian Policy of the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party: From its Origins through the Revolution of 1905–1907. London: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
Pinchuk, Ben-Cion. The Octobrists in the Third Duma, 1907–1912. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1974.
Service, Robert. A History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-First Century. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.
Swain, Geoffrey. Russian Social Democracy and the Legal Labour Movement, 1906–14. London: Macmillan Press, 1983.
Thatcher, Ian D. “The First State Duma, 1906: The View from the Contemporary Pamphlet and Monograph Literature.” Canadian Journal of History 36, no. 3 (2011): 531–562.
Walsh, Warren B. “Political Parties in the Russian Dumas.” Journal of Modern History 22, no. 2 (1950): 144–150.
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