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A turbocharger is a forced induction system that increases an internal combustion engine’s efficiency and power output by delivering compressed air into the intake manifold. It consists of two main components: a turbine and a compressor, both mounted on a shared shaft.

The turbine is driven by the engine’s exhaust gases, which causes the compressor to spin. The compressor draws in ambient air, compresses it, and forces it into the engine’s cylinders. This denser air charge allows for more fuel to be injected and combusted, resulting in increased power output without increasing engine displacement.

Modern turbos often feature intercoolers to cool the compressed air (reducing air temperature increases due to compression), wastegates to regulate boost pressure, and sometimes variable geometry for better performance across different RPM ranges.

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