Скачать или смотреть Capacitor & Capacitance Explained | Parallel Plate Capacitor | Class 12 Physics Chapter 2| L-10

Capacitor & Capacitance Explained | Parallel Plate Capacitor | Class 12 Physics Chapter 2| L-10

Welcome to Physics Mirror,
In this detailed session, we will understand one of the most scoring and conceptual topics of Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 – Electric Potential and Capacitance (विद्युत विभव एवं धारिता).
Today’s topic covers Capacitor (संधारित्र), Capacitance (धरिता), and Parallel Plate Capacitor (समांतर पट्ट संधारित्र) in a simple and clear way.


🔹 1️⃣ संधारित्र (Capacitor) क्या होता है?

A capacitor is a device that stores electric charge and energy in the form of an electric field.
It consists of two conducting plates separated by an insulating material (called dielectric).

संधारित्र वह यंत्र है जो विद्युत आवेश को संग्रहीत करता है।
दो समानांतर चालक पट्टियाँ जिनके बीच कोई अचालक पदार्थ (पराविद्युत) रखा हो, संधारित्र बनाती हैं।

Examples:
– Air Capacitor
– Paper Capacitor
– Mica Capacitor
– Electrolytic Capacitor



🔹 2️⃣ धरिता (Capacitance) क्या है?

The capacitance (C) of a capacitor is the ratio of the charge (Q) on one plate to the potential difference (V) between the plates:

C = \frac{Q}{V}

It measures how much charge a capacitor can store for a given potential difference.

धरिता वह राशि है जो प्रति इकाई विभवांतर पर संग्रहीत आवेश की मात्रा बताती है।

SI unit: Farad (F)
1 Farad = 1 Coulomb / 1 Volt
Generally, capacitances are very small, so we use (microfarad) or pF (picofarad).


🔹 3️⃣ समांतर पट्ट संधारित्र (Parallel Plate Capacitor)

A parallel plate capacitor consists of two large metallic plates placed parallel to each other and separated by a small distance ‘d’.

When connected to a battery:

One plate gets positively charged (+Q)

The other gets negatively charged (–Q)

A uniform electric field (E) is created between the

Where,
ε₀ = permittivity of free space (8.85 × 10⁻¹² C²/N·m²)
A = area of each plate
d = distance between plates

👉 Capacitance increases when:

Area (A) increases

Distance (d) decreases

Dielectric material is inserted


🔹 4️⃣ भौतिक व्याख्या (Physical Meaning)

The capacitor stores energy in the electric field between its plates.
This stored energy can later be released to power circuits or discharge through resistors.

Energy stored in a capacitor:


उदाहरण: कैमरा फ्लैश, रेडियो, टीवी, मोटर स्टार्टिंग आदि में संधारित्र का उपयोग किया जाता है।


🔹 5️⃣ संधारित्र का उपयोग (Uses of Capacitor)

Energy storage device

Filtering AC and DC signals

In timing and oscillating circuits

In tuning radio frequencies

In smoothing circuits in power supplies



🔹 6️⃣ सारांश (Summary Table)

Quantity Symbol Formula Unit

Capacitance C Q/V Farad
Parallel Plate Capacitor – ε₀A/d F
With Dielectric – εᵣε₀A/d F
Energy Stored U ½CV² Joule



📘 Useful for:

CBSE | Bihar Board | UP Board | NCERT | JEE | NEET | Class 12 Students

📅 Chapter: Electric Potential and Capacitance
👨‍🏫 Teacher: Arun Sir | Physics Mirror

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🔹 Next Topic Preview

👉 Energy Stored in a Capacitor
👉 Grouping of Capacitors (Series & Parallel)
👉 Effect of Dielectrics on Capacitance

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