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Summary for [Finding Smallest Subtree with the Deepest Nodes in a Binary Tree Leetcode 865 Medium🌳📊]

Finding the Smallest Subtree Containing All Deepest Nodes in a Binary Tree Using Leetcode 865 Problem Solution

[00:03](   • Finding Smallest Subtree with the Deepest ...  ) Identify smallest subtree containing all deepest nodes in a binary tree.
The depth of each node represents its distance from the root, helping locate the deepest nodes.
A subtree includes a node and all its descendants, which must encompass all deepest nodes in the tree.

[00:55](   • Finding Smallest Subtree with the Deepest ...  ) Identify the smallest subtree containing the deepest nodes in a binary tree.
Deepest nodes are defined as nodes at the maximum distance from the root, which in this case are nodes 5, 2, 7, and 4.
The smallest subtree that contains all deepest nodes is determined to be node 2, as it encompasses all related deepest nodes.

[01:47](   • Finding Smallest Subtree with the Deepest ...  ) Find the smallest subtree containing all deepest nodes in a binary tree.
Identify all deepest nodes by performing a level order traversal (BFS) to gather nodes at the last level.
Determine the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of the deepest nodes, as it serves as the root of the smallest subtree.

[02:35](   • Finding Smallest Subtree with the Deepest ...  ) Compute LCA of deepest nodes to find smallest subtree.
Iterate over all deepest nodes to find the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) efficiently.
Complexity analysis shows O(N * D) for processing nodes, with O(N) space for traversal.

[03:37](   • Finding Smallest Subtree with the Deepest ...  ) Finding the lowest common ancestor of two nodes in a binary tree.
Base cases include returning null for a null node or returning the node if it matches P or Q.
Recurse through left and right subtrees to determine if both nodes are present to identify the LCA.

[04:32](   • Finding Smallest Subtree with the Deepest ...  ) Implementing BFS to find the smallest subtree with deepest nodes.
The algorithm uses level order traversal to explore nodes breadth-first, starting from the root.
A result vector is maintained to capture nodes at each level, enabling identification of the deepest nodes.

[05:40](   • Finding Smallest Subtree with the Deepest ...  ) Explains level order traversal to find deepest nodes in a binary tree.
Uses a queue to perform a level order traversal of the tree, adding child nodes to the queue.
Identifies the last level of the tree where the leaf nodes are located to compute results.

[06:40](   • Finding Smallest Subtree with the Deepest ...  ) Identify the smallest subtree containing the deepest leaves in a binary tree.
If the last level contains only one node, that node is the answer as the smallest subtree.
To find the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) of all nodes at the deepest level, we calculate the LCA iteratively for each leaf.
Key Insights for [Finding Smallest Subtree with the Deepest Nodes in a Binary Tree Leetcode 865 Medium🌳📊]
*Solution Approach*
The solution involves two main steps: finding all the deepest nodes and then determining their Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA).
A level-order traversal (BFS) is utilized to identify the deepest nodes at the last level of the tree.
The LCA is calculated recursively by comparing nodes until the lowest common ancestor is found for all deepest nodes