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Ribosome
The ribosome is the heart of protein biosynthesis. The ribosome reads the genetic information from messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates this information into the production of proteins, using amino acids delivered by transfer RNA (tRNA). Located in the cytoplasm, eukaryotic ribosomes are large assemblies formed by four ribosomal RNAs and about 80 ribosomal proteins. The ribosome is composed of two subunits: the smaller subunit, called the 40S in eukaryotes, binds to the mRNA, whereas the larger subunit, called the 60S in eukaryotes, binds to the tRNA and amino acids. The complete structure of the yeast ribosome was obtained by combining cryo-electron microscopy maps with modeling of homologous RNA and protein components (PDB ID 3JYW).