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The Vernacular Press Act (1878) was enacted in British India to limit the freedom of the Indian press and prevent the expression of criticism toward British policies, particularly the opposition that had grown since the start of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80). 

Lytton, then Viceroy of India, proposed the Act, which was unanimously approved by the Viceroy's Council on March 14, 1878. The Vernacular Press Act (VPA) was enacted in order to "better control" the vernacular press and effectively punish and repress "seditious writing" in "publications in oriental languages." As a result, the British treated the (non-English language) Indian press with complete hostility

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