TCP Header (Computer Network) | TCP Header Format | TCP Segment Structure

TCP Header (Computer Network) | TCP Header Format | TCP Segment Structure

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TCP provides a connection-oriented. TCP provides process to process communication through the port number. TCP provides reliable services; it means sender can know that each packet reached at destination through the acknowledgement from receiver. TCP provides flow control, error control and congestion control. TCP does not support multicasting and broadcasting. It supports unicasting. The unit of information passed by TCP to IP is called segment. TCP maintains a checksum on its header and data. TCP must discard duplicate data.

TCP Header is also called TCP segment structure. TCP header fields are as below:

Source Port: It specifies the application sending the segment. This is different from the IP address, which specifies an internet address.

Destination Port: It defines the receiving application port numbers below 1023 called well-known ports are assigned to commonly used application.

Sequence Number: Each byte in the stream that TCP sends is numbered. It is used to arrange all packets in a sequence at destination side.

Acknowledgement Number: This field identifies the sequence number of the next data by that the sender expects to receive if the ACK bit is set.

Header Length: It specifies the length of the TCP header in 32-bit words.

Reserved: This field is reserved for future use and must be set to 0.

There are 6 flags in TCP header: URG, ACK, PSH, RST, SYN, FIN.
URG: The urgent pointer is valid if it set to 1.
ACK: ACK bit is set to 1 to indicate the acknowledgement number valid.
PSH: The receiver should pass this data to the application as soon as possible.
RST: This flag is used to reset the connection. It is also used to reject an invalid segment.
SYN: Synchronization sequence number to initiate a connection. The connection SYN = 1and ACK =0.
FIN: The FIN bit is used to release a connection. It specifies that the sender is finished sending data.

Window Size: It specifies the number of bytes the receiver is willing to accept. This field can be used to control the flow of data and congestion.

Checksum: Used for transport layer error detection.

Urgent Pointer: If the URG flag bit is set, the segment contains urgent data meaning the receiving TCP entity must deliver it to the higher layers immediately.

Options: Size of this field is variable option field may be used to provide other functions that are not covered by the header.

Data: Data field size is variable. It contains user data.

0:00 Introduction
0:09 Introduction of TCP (Transmission Control protocol)
0:37 UDP header fields (explained one by one)

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