Скачать или смотреть History of vehicle safety innovations

Late 19th Century:

The invention of the automobile itself represented a significant safety improvement over horse-drawn carriages, as cars were less prone to overturning.
1930s-1940s:

Introduction of the safety glass, which is designed to shatter into small, dull-edged pieces to reduce the risk of injuries during accidents.
1950s:

Three-point seatbelts were developed by Nils Bohlin for Volvo, greatly improving seatbelt effectiveness compared to earlier two-point lap belts.
1960s:

The first head restraints were introduced to reduce the risk of whiplash injuries.
The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 established safety standards for vehicles in the United States.
1970s:

Airbags were developed and introduced as a supplemental safety device, providing additional protection in frontal collisions.
The first crash tests, such as the NHTSA's New Car Assessment Program (NCAP), began evaluating vehicle safety performance.
1980s:

Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS) became widely available, helping drivers maintain control during hard braking.
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) systems were developed to prevent skidding and rollovers.
1990s:

Side-impact airbags and side-impact crash testing became more common.
Crash compatibility research led to the development of vehicle structures that absorb and dissipate energy in a crash, reducing the risk to occupants in different-sized vehicles.
2000s:

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) started to emerge, including features like adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assist, and automatic emergency braking.
Pedestrian protection measures, such as pedestrian airbags and active hoods, were introduced to reduce injuries to pedestrians in collisions.
2010s:

The proliferation of collision avoidance technologies like blind-spot monitoring and rearview cameras improved safety.
Crash avoidance systems, such as lane departure warning and forward collision warning, became standard in many vehicles.
Autonomous vehicles began to be developed, with the potential to revolutionize road safety in the future.
2020s and Beyond:

Continued development of autonomous vehicles with advanced sensors and artificial intelligence to improve road safety.
Emphasis on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication for real-time safety information sharing.
Ongoing research into innovative materials and construction techniques to make vehicles lighter and safer.