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A twist in the tale: are scientists wrong about dark energy?
For proving that the expansion of the universe had speeded up, three scientists were awarded the 2011 physics Nobel Prize; a new study from Yonsei University has introduced a twist by suggesting that dark energy may actually be weakening, putting the brakes on the universe’s acceleration.
All major discoveries in cosmology underline the maxim that the universe is not only stranger than we suppose but that it is stranger than we can suppose. The latest example of this is a study by researchers at the Yonsei University in South Korea that said the expansion of the universe is slowing down.
The study, published in Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society of November 6, is in sharp contrast to the standard model of the universe, called Lambda-Cold Dark Matter (LCDM), which speaks of an accelerating universe.
Mysterious force
Accepted theory says the universe began about 13.8 billion years ago from a single, infinitely dense point that exploded cataclysmically in a ‘Big Bang’, leading to the formation of matter, energy, and space, spread rapidly, it engendered subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons before matter collapsed under gravity to form galaxies, stars and planets.
While the American astronomer Edwin Hubble confirmed that the universe was expanding in the 1920s, cosmologists conjectured that gravity must have also slowed down the expansion at some point.
This is why they were surprised when, in 1998, astronomers who were measuring the distances to faraway galaxies using the light from exploding stars called Type Ia supernovae concluded that 9 billion years after the universe began, its expansion actually gained momentum.
They figured the impetus came from a mysterious force known as ‘dark energy’, which makes up about 70% of the cosmos. In 1917, Albert Einstein had proposed that its effects can be represented in equations by the cosmological constant lambda.
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