Hunga Tonga Volcano Update; A Large Ozone Hole was Created

Due to the 2022 explosive volcanic eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai, a large ozone hole was created in the atmosphere. This video discusses why this occurred, its thankfully temporary nature, and the chemical reactions involved in this process.

Thumbnail Photo Credit: NOAA, Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surtsey.... Colorized with hotspot.ai commercial license credits. Note: The colorized image is not in the public domain, only the source black & white image.

Note: As of October 25th, 2023, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano is not currently erupting.

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Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image:
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Sources/Citations:
[1] Stephanie Evan et al. ,Rapid ozone depletion after humidification of the stratosphere by the Hunga Tonga Eruption. Science382,eadg2551(2023). DOI:10.1126/science.adg2551
[2] Moan, J., Dahlback, A. The relationship between skin cancers, solar radiation and ozone depletion. Br J Cancer 65, 916–921 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1992.192
[3] Marco Brenna, Shane Cronin, Ian Smith, Alessio Pontesilli, Manuela Tost, Simon Barker, Sisi Tongaonevai, "Post-caldera volcanism reveals shallow priming of an intra-ocean arc andesitic caldera: Hunga volcano, Tonga, SW Pacific", Preprint, 2022, https://eartharxiv.org/repository/vie..., Doi: https://doi.org/10.31223/X5QP8V, CC BY 4.0
[4] Diaz, J. Atmosphere-solid earth coupling signals generated by the 15 January 2022 Hunga-Tonga eruption. Commun Earth Environ 3, 281 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00..., CC BY 4.0
[5] For the approximate explosion yield of the January 15th 2022 HTHH eruption: Díaz, J.S., Rigby, S.E. Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements. Shock Waves 32, 553–561 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-022-01..., CC BY 4.0
[6] VEIs, dates/years, eruption plume heights, and bulk tephra volume estimates for volcanic eruptions shown in this video which were assigned a VEI 4 or larger without an asterisk after their name are sourced from the LaMEVE database (British Geological Survey © UKRI), https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/c..., Used with Permission.
[7] Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231–1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read by    / geologyhub   on Oct 5th, 2022.
[8] Ailioaie, Laura & Litscher, Gerhard. (2020). Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Arthritis in Children and Adults: New Perspectives on Applied Photobiomodulation. International journal of molecular sciences. 21. 10.3390/ijms21186565., CC BY 4.0

0:00 Ozone Hole
0:12 Hunga Tonga Erupton
1:35 Ultraviolet Light
2:17 Chlorine
3:26 Chemical Reaction