Here are the definitions under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) for theft, snatching, and robbery:
Theft (Section 301)
Defined as: “Whoever, intending to take dishonestly any movable property out of the possession of any person without that person’s consent, moves that property in order to such taking…”
Key elements:
Movable property.
Without consent.
Dishonest intention.
Taking away the property.
Snatching (Section 304)
Defined as a special form of theft: “Theft is ‘snatching’ if, in order to commit theft, the offender suddenly or quickly or forcibly seizes or secures or grabs or takes away from any person or from his possession any movable property.”
So essentially, snatching = theft + sudden/quick/forcible grabbing of movable property from a person or their possession.
Robbery (Section 309)
Defined as theft or extortion but with force/instant fear/wrongful restraint:
“In all robbery there is either theft or extortion. Theft is robbery if, in order to the committing of the theft … the offender … voluntarily causes or attempts to cause … death or hurt or wrongful restraint, or fear of instant death or of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint.”
Also: Extortion is robbery if the offender at the time of committing the extortion is in the presence of the person put in fear, and commits the extortion by putting that person in fear of instant death/hurt/wrongful restraint and thereby induces the person then and there to deliver up the property.
Key Differences (under BNS)
Theft: taking without consent, no immediate force/terror/fear.
Snatching: a subset of theft where the taking is sudden/forcible/grabbing from a person’s possession.
Robbery: theft or extortion with additional element of force, immediate fear, or wrongful restraint.
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